Obat Kuat Cialis Tadalafil Ayong Shop 081345672892

Kategori	Iklan Gratis
Type Iklan	Bisnis Online
Website	www.obatkuatherballs.com
Judul	Obat Kuat viagra cialis online pharmacy pharmacy Tadalafil Ayong Shop 081345672892
Isi Iklan	Fungsi: 1. Produk ini membuat penis tegak secara cepat, meningkatkan kualitas hubungan seksual, mengurangi kelelahan. Hilang ejakulasi prematur, mengaktifkan fungsi ginjal dan meningkatkan sekresi sel testis. 2. Semangat ini berisi banyak faktor yang dibutuhkan oleh laki-laki, pengunaan dalam waktu jangka panjang dapat meningkatkan semangat, prostat dan penyakit sejenis lainnya, penggunaan dan dosis: mengambil satu pil 10-30 menit sebelum melakukan hubungan seksual.
Label/tag	cialis tadalafil
Email	obatherballs@yahoo.com
Hp/Telpon	081345672892
Kota	yogyakarta
Nama	Mr Ali

Powered by 123ContactForm

FDA objects to online ad for Pfizer's Viagra

WASHINGTON (Reuters) -
An online advertisement with men
praising cheap viagra to the tune of an Elvis Presley song has drawn
objections from U.S. regulators, who said drugmaker Pfizer Inc
failed to list the impotence drug's risks.

Pfizer said the omission of side effects warnings was due
to a technical error on CNN's Web site, http://www.cnn.com,
which ran the advertisement.

The Food and Drug Administration sent a written warning to
Pfizer that was made public on Monday.

"The video raises public health and safety concerns through
its complete omission of risk information for cialis by
suggesting that Viagra is safer than has been demonstrated,"
the FDA said in its letter, dated April 16.

Viagra's prescribing instructions warn against use by men
taking heart drugs known as nitrates and caution about sudden
vision and hearing loss and other problems.

Pfizer spokesman Francisco Gebauer said the risk
information should have appeared simultaneously in print on the
computer screen. The information did not run "due to a
technical error" on the Web site of CNN, a unit of Time Warner
Inc, Gebauer said.

"We regret that the Internet video ran without the
appropriate safety information," he said.

CNN spokesman Sal Petruzzi said the company's Web site had
a "technical mishap" that was corrected.+

To avoid similar errors, Pfizer has pulled all 30-second
Internet video ads that require safety information to appear
separately on the screen rather than within the advertisement,
Gebauer said.

Viagra's worldwide sales were nearly $1.8 billion in 2007.
The drug's generic name is sildenafil

Source:news.yahoo.com

What you need besides medication for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

What you need besides order cialis for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

If you use only cialis to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) you’re likely to only get a partial response that does little to help your child or an adult with all of the effects of living with ADHD. ADHD is considered a developmental disorder, and many of it's most disabling effects are ones that are developmental in nature. Often children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) did not learn skills (or learned them poorly) at the developmental moment that was best to learn them. Lets take being "orderly" as a simple example: putting things in order, organizing, having a clean bedroom, kitchen or workspace. Most of us learn this at a very early age, putting together blocks, putting items together by colour, size. Putting away toys in their proper places. At a young age these activities were fun, self reinforcing. Someone clapped their hands and said, "Great job!" The problem is, when you wait until the age of 12 rr 25 to take ADHD medication and try to teach yourself to be "organized," to set your daily schedule, to keep your desk clean, to organize your bedroom or kitchen.... no one is there to reinforce you, and these tasks are simply not self reinforcing. Your learning a new skill at a poorly chosen developmental time. Normally we learn new skills when they are easy. With ADHD you not only have difficulty with the skill, you often learn it when it's a painful task and hard. No wonder we need support, guidance and structure!



Psychotherapy, social skills training and even anger management training are not only important options to consider — they are mandatory in order to treat the long-term issues that go hand-in-hand with attention deficit disorder.



Once some of the behavior problems are under control with children we are better able to approach the situation and provide an intervention. Often, that's what the medication does, and it also offers us a chance to STOP, THINK and THEN take action. Something that without the medication, we can have a hard time to follow. (There are specific techniques to teach children and adults to STOP, THINK and then ACT without medication. Usually this is in response to external cues and stimuli. In my clinic's in Burnaby and Vancouver we spend a lot of time doing just that. Medication may not be the right choice, and if it isn't, we can work on these techniques. But evidence shows medication is the most effect measure we can take initially.)



Parenting training has been shown to be an effective and an important component of any treatment of ADHD in children. We offer a number of different parent training options including individual sessions, home visits to set up positive behaviour support systems, and books and video training that is supported by scientific evidence. Think of the TV show, Super Nanny — except that the therapist helps the parents learn how to best help their child with ADHD. And remember, on every episode of Super Nanny, Super Nanny needed to return more than once because these techniques are complex and you need feedback.



Psychotherapy for ADHD

We have research demonstrating the effectiveness of a wide range of psychotherapies for the treatment of ADHD in both children and adults. Some people use only psychotherapy instead of medication, as it is an approach that does not rely on taking stimulant medications. Others use psychotherapy as an adjunct to medication treatment. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy is the primary type of therapy for use with ADHD. You learn to understand how what's already in your mind (automatic thoughts) effects the outcome (feelings) and not the other way around. You learn to deal with irrational thoughts, how to think "scientifically," and how to deal with others.



Behavioral therapy is a critical part of the parent training program. It teaches specific techniques to deal directly with immediate issues...behaviours .... of concern. Primarily we use techniques that put an emphasis on positive behavioural support, reinforcing positive behaviours, and ignoring (NOT reinforcing) behaviours we want to see less of. Punishment and negative interactions have been shown to do little to effect the behaviour of children with ADHD.



Psycho-education, for both adults and children, is also a critical component of treatment. Issues of self esteem, depression and anxiety need to be addressed throughout the treatment process.



Social Skills Training for ADHD

Often children with ADHD are sent to "social skills training." This has it's good side, and it's bad. Most children learned social skills through watching others, then practicing them. For the person with ADHD these skills often didn't seem to work, and they developed new and often inappropriate ways to relate to others, get what they want and organize their environment. In a good social skills training classes we provide a safe environment in which to demonstrate and practice these skills, and then set up a graduated process of using these skills in the real world. Social skills training helps the child to learn and use these skills in a safe practice environment with the therapist (or parent). These skills include learning how to have conversations with others, learning to see others’ perspective, listening, asking questions, the importance of eye contact, what body language and gestures are telling you. Often we use a social skills inventory to get a good idea of what specific skills someone has, and what skills they need to learn.



Support Groups for ADHD

Mutual self-help support groups can be very beneficial for parents and individuals with ADHD themselves. A sense of regular connection to others in the same boat leads to openness, problem-sharing, and sharing of advice. Concerns, fears and irritations can be released in a compassionate environment where members can safely let off steam and know that they are not alone. As well as this type of support, the groups can invite experts to give lectures and answer specific questions. They can also help members to get referrals to reliable specialists.

Psych Central hosts two support groups online for people with attention deficit disorder: Psych Central ADHD support group and NeuroTalk’s ADHD support group. While I am happy to give information on these groups, I also have to warn you that often individual's in support groups spread false and misleading information. They join groups in order to spread this information. Sometimes this is in the form of rumours and scare tactics about medications, sometimes it's in the form of misleading information on treatments they "know" work but which have no scientific basis. Be careful, and always go to your medical doctor for advice. There really are no simple diets, vitamins or supplements that fix ADHD. And fish oil tablets are NOT a cure. Go talk to "reliable" sources.



This blog is not offered as medical advice or as a means of diagnosing or treating ADHD or any other disorder. Don't go on line and take an ADHD "test." The diagnosis is complex, and it involves not just looking for symptoms of ADHD, but also ruling out other disorders that might look just like ADHD. So avoid these on line "tests" which are nothing more than a collection of symptoms. You need to see a licensed or registered professional for that. Medical doctors can diagnose ADHD, but the diagnosis is complex and often they will make a referral to a Registered Psychologist. You can obtain a referral from the British Columbia Psychological Association for a psychologist near you.



My web page lists a number of resources you can make use of yourself in dealing with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Please visit it at www.adhdhelp.ca or one of my other sites at either Psychology Today, AAMFT, PSYRIS or my professional site.



Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) assessment and treatment services are offered for individuals, couples, families, children and adolescents in the Burnaby, Vancouver, Coquitlam, Port Moody, New Westminster and Maple Ridge areas of the lower mainland. This includes neuro-developmental assessments, psycho-education and cognitive behaviour therapy. I also provide diagnostic assessments for autism and Asperger's Disorder in my Burnaby office.



Dr. Jim Roche

Registered Psychologist, British Columbia 01610

778.998-7975

www.relatedminds.com

About Erectile Dysfunction

See also: purchase cialis | cialis | 

Erectile dysfunction (ED or (male) impotence) is a sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis. There are various underlying causes, such as cardiovascular leakage and diabetes, many of which are medically treatable.

The causes of erectile dysfunction may be physiological or psychological. Physiologically, erection is a hydraulic mechanism based upon blood entering and being retained in the penis, and there are various ways in which this can be impeded, most of which are amenable to treatment. Psychological impotence is where erection or penetration fails due to thoughts or feelings (psychological reasons) rather than physical impossibility; this can often be helped. Notably in psychological impotence there is a very strong placebo effect.

Erectile dysfunction, tied closely as it is to cultural notions of potency, success and masculinity, can have devastating psychological consequences including feelings of shame, loss or inadequacy; often unnecessary since in most cases the matter can be helped. There is a strong culture of silence and inability to discuss the matter. In fact around 1 in 10 men will experience recurring impotence problems at some point in their lives.

Folk remedies have long been advocated, with some being advertised widely since the 1930s. The introduction of the first pharmacologically approved remedy for impotence, sildenafil (Viagra - trade name), in the 1990s caused a wave of public attention, propelled in part by heavy advertising.

The Latin term impotentia coeundi describes simple inability to insert the penis into the vagina. It is now mostly replaced by more precise terms. The study of erectile dysfunction within medicine is covered by andrology, a sub-field within urology.

Overview and symptoms

Erectile dysfunction is characterized by the regular or repeated inability to obtain or maintain an erection. There are several ways that erectile dysfunction is analyzed:

• Obtaining full erections at some times, such as when asleep (when the mind and psychological issues if any are less present), tends to suggest the physical structures are functionally working. However the opposite case, a lack of nocturnal erections, does not imply the opposite, since a significant proportion of sexually functional men do not routinely get nocturnal erections or wet dreams.
• Obtaining erections which are either not rigid or full (lazy erection), or are lost more rapidly than would be expected (often before or during penetration), can be a sign of a failure of the mechanism which keeps blood held in the penis, and may signify an underlying clinical condition, often cardiovascular in origin.
• Other factors leading to erectile dysfunction are diabetes mellitus (causing neuropathy) or hypogonadism (decreased testosterone levels due to disease affecting the testicles or the pituitary gland).

Erection problems are very common. The Sexual Dysfunction Association estimates that 1 in 10 men in the UK have recurring problems with their erections at some point in their life.

Pathophysiology

Penile erection is managed by two different mechanisms. The first one is the reflex erection, which is achieved by directly touching the penile shaft. The second is the psychogenic erection, which is achieved by erotic or emotional stimuli. The former uses the peripheral nerves and the lower parts of the spinal cord, whereas the latter uses the limbic system of the brain. In both conditions an intact neural system is required for a successful and complete erection. Stimulation of penile shaft by the nervous system leads to the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), which causes the relaxation of smooth muscles of corpora cavernosa (the main erectile tissue of penis), and subsequently penile erection. Additionally, adequate levels of testosterone (produced by the testes) and an intact pituitary gland are required for the development of a healthy male erectile system. As can be understood from the mechanisms of a normal erection, impotence may develop due to hormonal deficiency, disorders of the neural system, lack of adequate penile blood supply or psychological problems. Restriction of blood flow can arise from impaired endothelial function due to the usual causes associated with coronary artery disease, but can also include causation by prolonged exposure to bright light or chronic exposure to high noise levels.

A few causes of impotence may be iatrogenic (medically caused). Various antihypertensives (medications intended to control high blood pressure) and some drugs that modify central nervous system response may inhibit erection by denying blood supply or by altering nerve activity.

Surgical intervention for a number of different conditions may remove anatomical structures necessary to erection, damage nerves, or impair blood supply.Complete removal of the prostate gland or external beam radiotherapy of the gland are common causes of impotence; both are treatments for advanced prostate cancer. Some studies have shown that male circumcision may result in an increased risk of impotence, while others have found no such effect, and another found the opposite.

Excessive alcohol use has long been recognised as one cause of impotence, leading to the euphemism "brewer's droop," or "whiskey dick;" Shakespeare made light of this phenomenon in Macbeth.

A study in 2002 found that ED can also be associated with bicycling. The number of hours on a bike and/or the pressure on the penis from the saddle of an upright bicycle is directly related to erectile dysfunction.

Diagnosis

Medical diagnosis

There are no formal tests to diagnose erectile dysfunction. Some blood tests are generally done to exclude underlying disease, such as diabetes, hypogonadism and prolactinoma. Impotence is also related to generally poor physical health, poor dietary habits, obesity, and most specifically cardiovascular disease such as coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease.

A useful and simple way to distinguish between physiological and psychological impotence is to determine whether the patient ever has an erection. If never, the problem is likely to be physiological; if sometimes (however rarely), it could be physiological or psychological. The current diagnostic and statistical manual of mental diseases (DSM-IV) has included a listing for impotence.

Clinical Tests Used to Diagnose ED

Duplex ultrasound

Duplex ultrasound is used to evaluate blood flow, venous leak, signs of atherosclerosis, and scarring or calcification of erectile tissue. Injecting prostaglandin, a hormone-like stimulator produced in the body, induces erection. Ultrasound is then used to see vascular dilation and measure penile blood pressure. Measurements are compared to those taken when the penis is flaccid.

Penile nerves function

Tests such as the bulbocavernosus reflex test are used to determine if there is sufficient nerve sensation in the penis. The physician squeezes the glans (head) of the penis, which immediately causes the anus to contract if nerve function is normal. A physician measures the latency between squeeze and contraction by observing the anal sphincter or by feeling it with a gloved finger inserted past the anus. Specific nerve tests are used in patients with suspected nerve damage as a result of diabetes or nerve disease.

Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT)

It is normal for a man to have five to six erections during sleep, especially during rapid eye movement (REM). Their absence may indicate a problem with nerve function or blood supply in the penis. There are two methods for measuring changes in penile rigidity and circumference during nocturnal erection: snap gauge and strain gauge. (It should be noted that a significant proportion of men who have no sexual dysfunction nonetheless do not have regular nocturnal erections.Thus presence of NPT tends to signify physically functional systems, but absence of NPT may be ambiguous and not rule out either cause.)

Penile biothesiometry

This test uses electromagnetic vibration to evaluate sensitivity and nerve function in the glans and shaft of the penis. A decreased perception of vibration may indicate nerve damage in the pelvic area, which can lead to impotence.

Penile Angiogram

Invasive test - allows visualization of the circulation in the penis and is used during the repair of a priapism.

Dynamic Infusion Cavernosometry

(Abbreviated DICC) technique in which fluid is pumped into the penis at a known rate and pressure. It gives a measurement of the vascular pressure in the corpus cavernosum during an erection. To do this test, a vasodilator like prostaglandin E-1 is injected to measure the rate of infusion required to get a rigid erection and to help find how severe the venous leak is.

Corpus Cavernosometry

Cavernosography measurement of the vascular pressure in the corpus cavernosum. Saline is infused under pressure into the corpus cavernosum with a butterfly needle, and the flow rate needed to maintain an erection indicates the degree of venous leakage. The leaking veins responsible may be visualised by infusing a mixture of saline and x ray contrast medium and performing a cavernosogram.

Digital Subtraction Angiography

In DSA, the images are acquired digitally. The computer creates a mask from lower-contrast x-rays of the same area and digitally isolates the blood vessels (this is done manually through darkroom masking with traditional angiography).

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

This is similar to magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance angiography uses magnetic fields and radio waves to provide detailed images of the blood vessels. Doctors may inject a "contrast agent" into the patient's bloodstream that causes vascular tissues to stand out against other tissues. The contrast agent provides for enhanced information regarding blood supply and vascular anomalies. Aside from the IV used to introduce the contrast material into the bloodstream, magnetic resonance angiography is noninvasive and painless.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause. Testosterone supplements may be used for cases due to hormonal deficiency. However, the cause is more usually lack of adequate penile blood supply as a result of damage to inner walls of blood vessels. This damage is more frequent in older men, and often associated with disease, in particular diabetes.

Treatments (with the exception of testosterone supplementation, where effective) work on a temporary basis: they enable an erection to be attained and maintained long enough for intercourse, but do not permanently improve the underlying condition. There are different treatments available:

Oral treatment

3 different tablets are currently available from the doctor and these work when there is sexual stimulation. Depending on the treatment, it will need to be taken 20 minutes to 1 hour before sex and the period of time over which it works can vary between 3 hours and up to 36 hours.

Alprostadil

This can be injected into the penis or inserted using a special applicator - usually just before sexual intercourse.

Vacuum pumps

These work by drawing blood into the penis and are also used just before sexual intercourse.

Hormone treatment

It is rare, but some men receive hormones for their erection problem. This does depend on the cause of the problem as well as other factors.

Surgery

Often, as a last resort if other treatments have failed, the most common procedure is prosthetic implants which involves the insertion of artificial rods into the penis.

Counselling

Counselling is often a consideration, both where a psychological cause is suspected or must be ruled out, or to assist in management of any distress.

ED can in many cases be treated by drugs taken orally, injected, or as penile suppositories. These drugs increase the efficacy of NO, which dilates the blood vessels of corpora cavernosa. When oral drugs or suppositories fail, injections into the erectile tissue of the penile shaft are extremely effective but occasionally cause priapism. When pharmacological methods fail, a purpose-designed external vacuum pump can be used to attain erection, with a separate compression ring fitted to the penis to maintain it. These pumps should be distinguished from other "penis pumps" (supplied without compression rings) which, rather than being used for temporary treatment of impotence, are claimed to increase penis length if used frequently, or vibrate as an aid to masturbation.

More drastically, inflatable or rigid penile implants may be fitted surgically. Implants are irreversible and costly.

All these mechanical methods are based on simple principles of hydraulics and mechanics and are quite reliable, but have their disadvantages.

In a few cases there is a vascular problem which can be treated surgically.

Uncontroversial treatments

PDE5 Inhibitors

The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases constitute a group of enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of the cyclic nucleotides cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. They exist in different molecular forms and are unevenly distributed throughout the body. These multiple forms or subtypes of phosphodiesterase were initially isolated from rat brain by Uzunov and Weiss in 1972 and were soon afterwards shown to be selectively inhibited by a variety of drugs in brain and other tissues. The potential for selective phosphodisterase inhibitors to be used as therapeutic agents was predicted as early as 1977 by Weiss and Hait. This prediction has now come to pass in a variety of fields, one of which is in the pharmacological treatment of erectile dysfunction.

One of the forms of phophodiesterase is termed PDE5. The prescription PDE5 inhibitors sildenafil (Viagra®), vardenafil (Levitra®) and tadalafil (Cialis®) are prescription drugs which are taken orally. They work by blocking the action of PDE5, which causes cGMP to degrade. CGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5 causes the smooth muscle of the arteries in the penis to relax, allowing the corpus cavernosum to fill with blood.

(Specific devices are mentioned for information only; mention should not be taken as endorsement).

Dopamine Receptor Agonist

Inflatable implant

Rigid implant

Surgical treatment of certain cases

Controversial and unapproved treatments

Naltrexone

Drug used for treating drug addicts can have some success in patients with inhibited sexual desire.

Bremelanotide

The experimental drug bremelanotide (formerly PT-141) does not act on the vascular system like the former compounds but allegedly increases sexual desire and drive in males as well as females. It is applied as a nasal spray. Bremelanotide allegedly works by activating melanocortin receptors in the brain. It is currently in Phase IIb trials.

Melanotan II

Like bremelanotide the experimental drug Melanotan II does not act on the vascular system either but increases libido. Melanotan II works by activating melanocortin receptors in the brain.

hMaxi-K

hMaxi-K is a form of gene therapy using a plasmid vector that expresses the hSlo gene, that encodes the alpha-subunit of the Maxi-K channel. It has undergone phase I safety trials.

Ginseng

A double-blind study appears to show evidence that ginseng is better than placebo: see the ginseng article for more details.

Enzyte

Enzyte is a product that has been advertised by saturation coverage on television channels such as CourtTV. However, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) has filed a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) about Enzyte for deceptive advertising. It is manufactured by Berkeley Nutritionals, which is alleged to be the subject of an investigation by the Attorney General of Ohio and the defendant in class-action lawsuits.

Enzyte is a supplement that claims to increase the male libido or frequency of erections of the penis. Commercials for Enzyte are shown regularly on television. These commercials feature a man named Bob who never stops smiling, apparently because he had taken Enzyte and improved the size of his sex organs. The commercials are riddled with symbolic phallic imagery, e.g. golf clubs, remarkably tall glasses of iced tea, and a hose spraying barely a trickle of water (carried by someone who doesn't use Enzyte).

The effectiveness of Enzyte is in dispute. Some medical professionals in fact advise against taking Enzyte, saying that it can lead to damage. The Center for Science in the Public Interest have urged the Federal Trade Commission to disallow further television advertising for Enzyte due to a lack of proper studies supporting claims. Enzyte maker Berkeley Premium Nutraceuticals, Inc., is currently under a class action lawsuit for false advertising.

Enzyte is said to contain: Tribulus terrestris; Yohimbe Extract; Niacin; Epimedium; Avena sativa; zinc oxide; maca; Muira Pauma; Ginkgo biloba; L-Arginine; Saw Palmetto. Other ingredients: gelatin, rice bran, oat fiber, magnesium stearate, silicon dioxide.

Herbal and other alternative treatments

These are generally ineffective when tested blind, but may be useful for their psychological (placebo) effect: if a good result is expected, any highly praised, and often expensive, treatment can be effective. Reputable drugs can also benefit from the same effect.

Prelox

Prelox is a Proprietary mix/combination of naturally occurring ingredients, L-arginine aspartate and Pycnogenol. In double blind tests carried out by Dr. Steven Lamm at New York University School of Medicine, 81.1% of men overall judged Prelox to be effective in improving their ability to engage in sexual activity.Prelox® for improvement of erectile function: A review European Bulletin of Drug Research, Volume 11, No. 3, 2003. Steven Lamm, Frank Schoenlau, Peter Rohdewald Whilst the supplements should be taken daily, the manufacturers claim that it brings the spontaneity back into ones' love life; unlike other products which must be remembered to be taken a fixed time before sexual activity.

Other treatment methods

Zinc

Zinc is known to help prevent the conversion of testosterone to estradiol, and testosterone is essential for proper erectile function and the synthesis of sperm (testosterone deficiency is a primary contributor in many cases of erectile dysfunction). Moreover, zinc levels have been found to be significantly reduced in both chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) and non-bacterial prostatitis (NBP). Many doctors and nutritionalists recommend zinc for prostate or erectile problems.

Zinc is best taken in lozenge form, as in tablet form the zinc is difficult to absorb, and can irritate the stomach lining.

History

Dr. John R. Brinkley initiated a boom in male impotence cures in the US in the 1920s and 1930s. His radio programs recommended expensive goat gland implants and "mercurochrome" injections as the path to restored male virility, including operations by surgeon Serge Voronoff. After the Kansas State Medical Board revoked his medical license and the Federal Radio Commission refused to renew his radio license (both in 1930), Brinkley moved his operations just over the Texas border to Mexico where he opened a medical clinic and broadcast advertisements into the US from a border blaster radio station.

Surgeons began providing patients with inflatable penile implants in the 1970s.

Modern drug therapy for ED made a significant advance in 1983 when British physiologist Giles Brindley, Ph.D. dropped his trousers and demonstrated to a shocked American Urological Association audience his phentolamine-induced erection. The drug Brindley injected into his penis was a non-specific vasodilator, an alpha-blocking agent, and the mechanism of action was clearly corporal smooth muscle relaxation. The effect that Brindley discovered established the fundamentals for the later development of specific, safe, orally-effective drug therapies.

Reference: Helgason ÁR, Adolfsson J, Dickman P, Arver S, Fredrikson M, Göthberg M, Steineck G. Sexual desire, erection, orgasm and ejaculatory functions and their importance to elderly Swedish men: A population-based study. Age and Ageing. 1996:25:285-291.